Multimodal Neurons in Artificial Neural Networks (w/ OpenAI Microscope, Research Paper Explained)
Mar 26, 2021
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#openai #clip #microscope
OpenAI does a huge investigation into the inner workings of their recent CLIP model via faceted feature visualization and finds amazing things: Some neurons in the last layer respond to distinct concepts across multiple modalities, meaning they fire for photographs, drawings, and signs depicting the same concept, even when the images are vastly distinct. Through manual examination, they identify and investigate neurons corresponding to persons, geographical regions, religions, emotions, and much more. In this video, I go through the publication and then I present my own findings from digging around in the OpenAI Microscope.
OUTLINE:
0:00 - Intro & Overview
3:35 - OpenAI Microscope
7:10 - Categories of found neurons
11:10 - Person Neurons
13:00 - Donald Trump Neuron
17:15 - Emotion Neurons
22:45 - Region Neurons
26:40 - Sparse Mixture of Emotions
28:05 - Emotion Atlas
29:45 - Adversarial Typographic Attacks
31:55 - Stroop Test
33:10 - My Findings in OpenAI Microscope
33:30 - Superman Neuron
33:50 - Resting B*tchface Neuron
34:10 - Trash Bag Neuron
35:25 - God Weightlifting Neuron
36:40 - Organ Neuron
38:35 - Film Spool Neuron
39:05 - Feather Neuron
39:20 - Spartan Neuron
40:25 - Letter E Neuron
40:35 - Cleanin Neuron
40:45 - Frown Neuron
40:55 - Lion Neuron
41:05 - Fashion Model Neuron
41:20 - Baseball Neuron
41:50 - Bride Neuron
42:00 - Navy Neuron
42:30 - Hemp Neuron
43:25 - Staircase Neuron
43:45 - Disney Neuron
44:15 - Hillary Clinton Neuron
44:50 - God Neuron
45:15 - Blurry Neuron
45:35 - Arrow Neuron
45:55 - Trophy Presentation Neuron
46:10 - Receding Hairline Neuron
46:30 - Traffic Neuron
46:40 - Raised Hand Neuron
46:50 - Google Maps Neuron
47:15 - Nervous Smile Neuron
47:30 - Elvis Neuron
47:55 - The Flash Neuron
48:05 - Beard Neuron
48:15 - Kilt Neuron
48:25 - Rainy Neuron
48:35 - Electricity Neuron
48:50 - Droplets Neuron
49:00 - Escape Neuron
49:25 - King Neuron
49:35 - Country Neuron
49:45 - Overweight Men Neuron
49:55 - Wedding
50:05 - Australia Neuron
50:15 - Yawn Neuron
50:30 - Bees & Simpsons Neuron
50:40 - Mussles Neuron
50:50 - Spice Neuron
51:00 - Conclusion
Paper: https://distill.pub/2021/multimodal-neurons/
My Findings: https://www.notion.so/CLIP-OpenAI-Microscope-Findings-27465eac373c451d8083428443e0837c
My Video on CLIP: https://youtu.be/T9XSU0pKX2E
My Video on Feature Visualizations & The OpenAI Microscope: https://youtu.be/Ok44otx90D4
Abstract:
In 2005, a letter published in Nature described human neurons responding to specific people, such as Jennifer Aniston or Halle Berry. The exciting thing wasn’t just that they selected for particular people, but that they did so regardless of whether they were shown photographs, drawings, or even images of the person’s name. The neurons were multimodal. As the lead author would put it: "You are looking at the far end of the transformation from metric, visual shapes to conceptual... information." We report the existence of similar multimodal neurons in artificial neural networks. This includes neurons selecting for prominent public figures or fictional characters, such as Lady Gaga or Spiderman. Like the biological multimodal neurons, these artificial neurons respond to the same subject in photographs, drawings, and images of their name.
Authors: Gabriel Goh, Nick Cammarata, Chelsea Voss, Shan Carter, Michael Petrov, Ludwig Schubert, Alec Radford, Chris Olah
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0:00 - Intro & Overview 3:35 - OpenAI Microscope 7:10 - Categories of found neurons 11:10 - Person Neurons 13:00 - Donald Trump Neuron 17:15 - Emotion Neurons 22:45 - Region Neurons 26:40 - Sparse Mixture of Emotions 28:05 - Emotion Atlas 29:45 - Adversarial Typographic Attacks 31:55 - Stroop Test 33:10 - My Findings in OpenAI Microscope 33:30 - Superman Neuron 33:50 - Resting B*tchface Neuron 34:10 - Trash Bag Neuron 35:25 - God Weightlifting Neuron 36:40 - Organ Neuron 38:35 - Film Spool Neuron 39:05 - Feather Neuron 39:20 - Spartan Neuron 40:25 - Letter E Neuron 40:35 - Cleanin Neuron 40:45 - Frown Neuron 40:55 - Lion Neuron 41:05 - Fashion Model Neuron 41:20 - Baseball Neuron 41:50 - Bride Neuron 42:00 - Navy Neuron 42:30 - Hemp Neuron 43:25 - Staircase Neuron 43:45 - Disney Neuron 44:15 - Hillary Clinton Neuron 44:50 - God Neuron 45:15 - Blurry Neuron 45:35 - Arrow Neuron 45:55 - Trophy Presentation Neuron 46:10 - Receding Hairline Neuron 46:30 - Traffic Neuron 46:40 - Raised Hand Neuron 46:50 - Google Maps Neuron 47:15 - Nervous Smile Neuron 47:30 - Elvis Neuron 47:55 - The Flash Neuron 48:05 - Beard Neuron 48:15 - Kilt Neuron 48:25 - Rainy Neuron 48:35 - Electricity Neuron 48:50 - Droplets Neuron 49:00 - Escape Neuron 49:25 - King Neuron 49:35 - Country Neuron 49:45 - Overweight Men Neuron 49:55 - Wedding 50:05 - Australia Neuron 50:15 - Yawn Neuron 50:30 - Bees & Simpsons Neuron 50:40 - Mussles Neuron 50:50 - Spice Neuron 51:00 - Conclusion
0:00 - Intro & Overview 3:35 - OpenAI Microscope 7:10 - Categories of found neurons 11:10 - Person Neurons 13:00 - Donald Trump Neuron 17:15 - Emotion Neurons 22:45 - Region Neurons 26:40 - Sparse Mixture of Emotions 28:05 - Emotion Atlas 29:45 - Adversarial Typographic Attacks 31:55 - Stroop Test 33:10 - My Findings in OpenAI Microscope 33:30 - Superman Neuron 33:50 - Resting B*tchface Neuron 34:10 - Trash Bag Neuron 35:25 - God Weightlifting Neuron 36:40 - Organ Neuron 38:35 - Film Spool Neuron 39:05 - Feather Neuron 39:20 - Spartan Neuron 40:25 - Letter E Neuron 40:35 - Cleanin Neuron 40:45 - Frown Neuron 40:55 - Lion Neuron 41:05 - Fashion Model Neuron 41:20 - Baseball Neuron 41:50 - Bride Neuron 42:00 - Navy Neuron 42:30 - Hemp Neuron 43:25 - Staircase Neuron 43:45 - Disney Neuron 44:15 - Hillary Clinton Neuron 44:50 - God Neuron 45:15 - Blurry Neuron 45:35 - Arrow Neuron 45:55 - Trophy Presentation Neuron 46:10 - Receding Hairline Neuron 46:30 - Traffic Neuron 46:40 - Raised Hand Neuron 46:50 - Google Maps Neuron 47:15 - Nervous Smile Neuron 47:30 - Elvis Neuron 47:55 - The Flash Neuron 48:05 - Beard Neuron 48:15 - Kilt Neuron 48:25 - Rainy Neuron 48:35 - Electricity Neuron 48:50 - Droplets Neuron 49:00 - Escape Neuron 49:25 - King Neuron 49:35 - Country Neuron 49:45 - Overweight Men Neuron 49:55 - Wedding 50:05 - Australia Neuron 50:15 - Yawn Neuron 50:30 - Bees & Simpsons Neuron 50:40 - Mussles Neuron 50:50 - Spice Neuron 51:00 - Conclusion
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